| Problems of Absorption
and Adaptation
Palestinian immigrants to
the West Bank and the Gaza Strip are both 1948 refugees and 1967 Displaced
Persons. Only the latter thus realize “return” in the historical meaning
of the term. For the first category, immigration to the PA administered
areas simply represents taking another chance for starting a new life -
this time in a Palestinian context.
Only persons who still have
a close relative (parent, spouse, child) in the 1967 occupied territories
are able to obtain residency status via regular family reunification (2).
Upon their arrival, they are usually supported by their families. Many
are integrated into family enterprises (buisnesses, small farms, etc.),
although unemployment - as for everybody else - is a major problem. This
category includes un- and semiskilled workers, as well as professionals.
The latter encounter major difficulties in finding a job in their profession.
The situation is similar for returning deportees (5) and “illegal immigrants”
(1), although the latter also have to face a permanent threat of
eviction hanging over their heads. Living in Palestine without valid documents
makes it almost impossible to move and to find employment.
Persons obtaining residency
status in the areas via approval obtained from Israel by the PA (“national
number”) are mainly PLO army personnel, political functionaries and professionals
and their families (6,7). They are usually employed in PA institutions
and suffer from the low level of PA salaries (US $ 200 - 1,500). They have
serious difficulties in finding affordable housing for their families and
in obtaining adequate medical services. Their problems are aggravated by
the fact that many of them are persons without close family ties in the
area; the weak social security and health system established by the PA
is still unable to provide support.
The educational system existing
in the West Bank and Gaza Strip is becoming less and less capable of absorbing
returnee/immigrant children. Moreover, the situation of overall economic
crisis has given rise to social tensions based on the historical distinction
between “those from inside” and “those arriving from outside”. |